Vertical subsurface flow systems (VF)

Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VF) is composed by one or more parallel beds filled with gravel and sand of different sizes. Wastewater is distributed on the top of a VF (with pump or syphons) and vertically percolates through the bed, finding aerobic conditions. The feeding is in batch and the bed are planted with macrophytes.

VF technology is one of the most applied nature-based solution for wastewater treatment in North-Europe, also due to a functioning that does not depent on temperature for the removal of organic pollutants. VF is also widely used in Italy, thanks to the high removal efficiencies and a relatively low areal footprint.

IRIDRA - Fitodepurazione a flusso sommerso verticale (VF)
IRIDRA gestione ecosostenibile delle risorse idriche
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